Tubes hyperfréquences - divers
Microwave tubes - miscellaneous
Mikrowellenröhren - Sonstiges

Backward wave oscillator (BWO)

Also called carcinotron, a BWO is used to generate microwaves up to the terahertz range with a wide electronic tuning range. It has two main subtypes, the M-type, the most powerful, and the O-type. The output power of the O-type is typically in the range of 1 mW at 1000 GHz to 50 mW at 200 GHz. Carcinotrons are used in research, civilian and military (airborne radar jammers) applications.

Clipper diode

A specialized diode designed to limit, clip, or suppress voltage spikes in high-power electronic circuits.

Heil tube

Velocity modulated high-frequency tube created in 1935 by Oskar Heil and his wife. Heil tubes can be AM or FM modulated. Their efficiency is poor, in the order of 10 %, the reason why they became soon outdated in favor of the most versatile klystrons. Anyway, Heil oscillators were investigated during WW II as possible microwave sources in radar applications.

Inductive output tube (IOT)

Also called klystrode, the IOT is a variety of linear-beam tube, similar to a klystron, used as a power amplifier for high frequency radio waves. It evolved in the 1980s to meet increasing efficiency requirements for high-power RF amplifiers in radio transmitters. The primary commercial use of IOTs is in UHF television transmitters, where they have mostly replaced klystrons because of their higher efficiencies (35 % to 40 %) and smaller size.

Monitor diode

Typical applications include the continuous monitoring of RF power, the direct viewing of RF power pulse envelopes and the detection of irregularities in magnetron or modulator performance.

Noise diode

A noise source used to generate predictable, broadband white noise for testing and calibrating radio frequency and microwave receivers, amplifiers, and systems.

Platinotron

Also called crossed-field amplifier (CFA) or amplitron, it is a velocity-modulated tube, similar in operation to a magnetron and capable of providing relatively large amounts of power with high efficiency. In contrast to the magnetron, the CFA has an odd number of resonant cavities coupled with each other.

Spark gap

Sealed spark gaps were used in early radars to operate as switches, to discharge a charged line through the magnetron, so generating the high-power radio frequency pulses. Spark gaps were also used as protective devices to prevent excessive voltage build-up in the modulators or even as gas switches in antenna duplexers.

 

 

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